Top evidence (RCT only, high risk of bias excluded)
Best available evidence (possibly low or very low)
All RCTs
All studies (RCT+OBS)
antiviral and associated therapy - versus control - for COVID 19 hospitalized
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xlsx
method
abbreviations
Outcome
Relative effect 95%CI
LoD
Trt. better when
I2
k (RCT/OBS)
Bayesian probability
Overall ROB
Publication bias
Degree of certainty
Endpoint importance
Published MA
efficacy endpoints 00 death or transfer to ICU 1.09 [0.99, 1.20]< 1 0% 1 study (1/-) 4.0 % some concern not evaluable moderate crucial - deaths 1.02 [0.96, 1.09]< 1 0% 26 studies (26/-) 24.1 % some concern critical moderate crucial - deaths (time to event analysis only) 1.01 [0.92, 1.12]< 1 40% 5 studies (5/-) 41.1 % some concern not evaluable moderate crucial - clinical deterioration 0.98 [0.72, 1.32]< 1 0% 7 studies (7/-) 56.4 % some concern not evaluable moderate important - clinical improvement 1.32 [1.19, 1.47]> 1 0% 11 studies (11/-) 100.0 % some concern low moderate important - clinical improvement (14-day) 1.35 [1.16, 1.58]> 1 0% 9 studies (9/-) 100.0 % some concern not evaluable moderate important - clinical improvement (28-day) 1.42 [1.13, 1.79]> 1 38% 6 studies (6/-) 99.9 % some concern serious moderate important - clinical improvement (7-day) 1.34 [1.07, 1.67]> 1 0% 6 studies (6/-) 99.5 % some concern not evaluable moderate important - clinical improvement (time to event analysis only) 1.43 [1.19, 1.71]> 1 0% 4 studies (4/-) 100.0 % some concern not evaluable moderate important - death or ventilation 1.03 [0.95, 1.13]< 1 38% 5 studies (5/-) 22.0 % some concern not evaluable moderate important - hospital discharge 1.02 [0.94, 1.11]> 1 52% 3 studies (3/-) 69.4 % some concern not evaluable moderate important - PCR-negative conversion 1.43 [0.99, 2.05]> 1 63% 10 studies (10/-) 97.2 % some concern low moderate important - PCR-negative conversion (14-day) 0.99 [0.93, 1.06]> 1 0% 7 studies (7/-) 40.5 % some concern not evaluable moderate important - PCR-negative conversion (7-day) 1.03 [0.83, 1.29]> 1 44% 6 studies (6/-) 61.3 % some concern not evaluable moderate important - PCR-negative conversion (time to event analysis only) 1.32 [1.03, 1.69]> 1 0% 2 studies (2/-) 98.6 % some concern not evaluable moderate important - radiologic improvement (14-day) 0.29 [0.03, 2.67]> 1 0% 2 studies (2/-) 14.0 % some concern not evaluable moderate important - radiologic improvement (7-day) 0.09 [0.01, 0.78]> 1 0% 2 studies (2/-) 1.5 % some concern not evaluable moderate important - ventilation 0.60 [0.17, 2.18]< 1 41% 4 studies (4/-) 78.1 % some concern not evaluable moderate important - ventilation (time to event analysis only) 0.06 [0.01, 0.83]< 1 0% 1 study (1/-) 98.2 % some concern not evaluable moderate important - ICU admission 0.99 [0.52, 1.90]< 1 0% 4 studies (4/-) 50.8 % some concern not evaluable moderate non important - safety endpoints 00 AE leading to drug discontinuation 2.43 [0.79, 7.45]< 1 0% 1 study (1/-) 6.0 % low not evaluable high important - cardiac arrest 1.92 [0.35, 10.49]< 1 0% 1 study (1/-) 22.7 % some concern not evaluable moderate important - serious adverse events 0.70 [0.55, 0.88]< 1 0% 7 studies (7/-) 99.9 % some concern not evaluable moderate important - adverse events 1.53 [1.17, 2.00]< 1 27% 10 studies (10/-) 0.1 % some concern low moderate non important - arrhythmia 1.01 [0.77, 1.33]< 1 0% 2 studies (2/-) 47.5 % some concern not evaluable moderate non important - deep vein thrombosis 0.62 [0.23, 1.64]< 1 0% 2 studies (2/-) 83.1 % some concern not evaluable moderate non important - elevated liver enzymes 0.58 [0.34, 0.97]< 1 6% 2 studies (2/-) 98.1 % some concern not evaluable moderate non important - hyperbilirubinemia 0.97 [0.48, 1.93]< 1 0% 2 studies (2/-) 53.8 % some concern not evaluable moderate non important - long QT 9.79 [1.27, 75.50]< 1 0% 1 study (1/-) 1.5 % some concern not evaluable moderate non important - pulmonary embolism 0.82 [0.20, 3.29]< 1 0% 2 studies (2/-) 61.1 % some concern not evaluable moderate non important - renal impairment 1.02 [0.64, 1.61]< 1 0% 2 studies (2/-) 47.2 % some concern not evaluable moderate non important -
LoD: level of demonstration ( demonstrated, suggested, inconclusive, safety concerns);
Bayesian probability: Bayesian posterior probability of treatment effect (computed with a noninformative prior); ROB: risk of bias; k: number of studies;
published MA: number of published meta-analysis on the same topic; degree of certainty adapted from GRADE.
Trt. better when: indicates when the relative treatment effect shows that the studied treatment is better than control.