Treatment relative effect with 95% CI; and degree of certainty (adaptated from GRADE).
method
| Treament |
Trials |
|
|
| clinical deterioration | clinical improvement | deaths | viral clearance |
| chloroquine and derivatives | 45 | 1.04 [0.80; 1.35], 6 RCTs, I2=0%
inconclusive result | 1.07 [0.83; 1.39], 3 RCTs, I2=0%
inconclusive result | 1.07 [0.97; 1.18], 30 RCTs, I2=0%
inconclusive result | 0.97 [0.73; 1.29], 3 RCTs, I2=0%
inconclusive result | |
| ivermectin | 21 | 0.66 [0.32; 1.34], 4 RCTs, I2=69%
inconclusive result | 1.67 [1.05; 2.66], 3 RCTs, I2=0%
moderate degree of certainty | 0.66 [0.44; 1.00], 10 RCTs, I2=0%
inconclusive result | 0.93 [0.78; 1.10], 2 RCTs, I2=0%
inconclusive result | |
| favipiravir | 19 | - | 1.65 [1.28; 2.13], 5 RCTs, I2=0%
moderate degree of certainty | 1.13 [0.76; 1.70], 7 RCTs, I2=0%
inconclusive result | 1.45 [0.98; 2.13], 8 RCTs, I2=64%
inconclusive result | |
| remdesivir | 10 | 0.95 [0.55; 1.64], 1 RCT, I2=0%
inconclusive result | 1.17 [0.92; 1.49], 5 RCTs, I2=71% demonstrated
inconclusive result | 0.83 [0.67; 1.03], 7 RCTs, I2=15%
inconclusive result | - | |
| hydroxychloroquine plus macrolides | 9 | 0.99 [0.57; 1.72], 1 RCT, I2=0%
inconclusive result | 0.81 [0.54; 1.22], 1 RCT, I2=0%
inconclusive result | 0.63 [0.20; 2.03], 3 RCTs, I2=0%
inconclusive result | - | |
| azithromycin | 8 | 1.07 [0.63; 1.82], 1 RCT, I2=0%
inconclusive result | 0.76 [0.56; 1.04], 2 RCTs, I2=0%
inconclusive result | 0.99 [0.79; 1.26], 5 RCTs, I2=28%
inconclusive result | OBS 715.00 [12.94; 39513.71], 1 study, I2=0%
unassessable degree of certainty | |
| lopinavir/ritonavir | 8 | 3.69 [0.37; 36.57], 1 RCT, I2=0%
inconclusive result | 1.72 [0.98; 3.01], 3 RCTs, I2=64%
inconclusive result | 0.99 [0.89; 1.09], 8 RCTs, I2=0%
inconclusive result | 1.95 [0.73; 5.23], 3 RCTs, I2=72% demonstrated
inconclusive result | |
| sofosbuvir and daclatasvir | 5 | - | - | 1.11 [0.87; 1.40], 4 RCTs, I2=0%
inconclusive result | - | |
| umifenovir (arbidol) | 5 | 0.86 [0.06; 11.36], 1 RCT, I2=0%
inconclusive result | - | 1.00 [0.18; 5.59], 2 RCTs, I2=0%
inconclusive result | 2.80 [0.31; 25.53], 1 RCT, I2=0%
inconclusive result | |
| bromhexine | 3 | 0.48 [0.01; 27.44], 1 RCT, I2=0%
inconclusive result | - | 0.09 [0.00; 1.68], 1 RCT, I2=0%
inconclusive result | - | |
| nitazoxanide | 3 | 1.02 [0.29; 3.58], 1 RCT, I2=0%
inconclusive result | 0.81 [0.52; 1.27], 1 RCT, I2=0%
inconclusive result | 1.02 [0.02; 51.70], 1 RCT, I2=0%
inconclusive result | - | |
| doxycycline | 2 | 0.44 [0.24; 0.78], 2 RCTs, I2=0%
moderate degree of certainty | 1.89 [1.06; 3.38], 1 RCT, I2=0%
unassessable degree of certainty | 0.39 [0.11; 1.42], 2 RCTs, I2=0%
inconclusive result | - | |
| sofosbuvir | 2 | - | - | - | - | |
| sofosbuvir and ledipasvir | 2 | - | - | - | - | |
| azvudine | 1 | - | - | 1.00 [0.02; 55.80], 1 RCT, I2=0%
inconclusive result | 28.50 [1.27; 640.66], 1 RCT, I2=0%
unassessable degree of certainty | |
| baloxavir marboxil | 1 | - | - | 1.00 [0.02; 55.80], 1 RCT, I2=0%
inconclusive result | - | |
| darunavir cobicistat | 1 | 2.07 [0.06; 66.79], 1 RCT, I2=0%
inconclusive result | - | 1.00 [0.02; 53.89], 1 RCT, I2=0%
inconclusive result | 0.82 [0.36; 1.87], 1 RCT, I2=0%
inconclusive result | |
| Emtricitabine/tenofovir plus colchicine plus rosuvastatin | 1 | - | - | 0.62 [0.33; 1.17], 1 RCT, I2=0%
inconclusive result | - | |
| Ensitrelvir (XOCOVA) | 1 | - | - | - | - | |
| favipiravir plus interferon | 1 | - | - | 0.83 [0.23; 2.96], 1 RCT, I2=0%
inconclusive result | - | |
| Lopinavir/ritonavir plus hydroxychloroquine | 1 | - | 0.63 [0.37; 1.06], 1 RCT, I2=0%
inconclusive result | 0.58 [0.36; 0.93], 1 RCT, I2=0%
unassessable degree of certainty | - | |
| lopinavir/ritonavir plus interferon ß-1a | 1 | - | - | - | - | |
| lopinavir/ritonavir, ribavirin and interferon beta-1b | 1 | - | 3.92 [1.66; 9.24], 1 RCT, I2=0%
unassessable degree of certainty | 0.47 [0.01; 24.30], 1 RCT, I2=0%
inconclusive result | 4.37 [1.86; 10.25], 1 RCT, I2=0% demonstrated
unassessable degree of certainty | |
| niclosamide | 1 | - | - | 1.00 [0.20; 5.12], 1 RCT, I2=0%
inconclusive result | - | |
| nirmatrelvir / ritonavir (Paxlovid) | 1 | - | - | - | - | |
| oseltamivir | 1 | - | - | - | - | |
| tenofovir/emtricitabine | 1 | - | - | - | - | |
| zinc | 1 | - | - | 0.77 [0.11; 5.34], 1 RCT, I2=0%
inconclusive result | - | |
| Amantadine | 0 | - | - | - | - | |
| ASC09/ritonavir | 0 | - | - | - | - | |
| carrimycin | 0 | - | - | - | - | |
| danoprevir / ritonavir | 0 | - | - | - | - | |
| fluvoxamine | 0 | - | - | - | - | |
| Interferon plus lopinavir/ritonavir | 0 | - | - | - | - | |
| leronlimab | 0 | - | - | - | - | |
| lopinavir / ritonavir plus ribavirin | 0 | - | - | - | - | |
| lopinavir/ritonavir plus chloroquine | 0 | - | - | - | - | |
| molnupiravir | 0 | - | - | - | - | |
| opaganib | 0 | - | - | - | - | |
| oseltamivir plus chloroquin | 0 | - | - | - | - | |
| ribavirin | 0 | - | - | - | - | |
| ritonavir | 0 | - | - | - | - | |
| tenofovir/emtricitabine plus hydroxychloroquine | 0 | - | - | - | - | |
| tranexamic acid | 0 | - | - | - | - | |
| tranilast | 0 | - | - | - | - | |
| triazavirin | 0 | - | - | - | - | |
