Treatment relative effect with 95% CI; and degree of certainty (adaptated from GRADE).
method
| Treament |
Trials |
|
|
| clinical deterioration | clinical improvement | deaths | viral clearance |
| chloroquine and derivatives | 4 | OBS 0.93 [0.48; 1.81], 1 study, I2=0%
inconclusive result | - | 0.84 [0.59; 1.20], 3 RCTs, I2=0%
inconclusive result | - | |
| ivermectin | 3 | - | 1.51 [0.54; 4.24], 1 RCT, I2=0%
inconclusive result | 0.85 [0.50; 1.46], 2 RCTs, I2=0%
inconclusive result | OBS 0.52 [0.10; 2.58], 1 study, I2=0%
inconclusive result | |
| lopinavir/ritonavir | 2 | - | 1.31 [0.94; 1.83], 1 RCT, I2=0%
inconclusive result | 0.81 [0.65; 1.03], 2 RCTs, I2=0%
inconclusive result | - | |
| azithromycin | 1 | - | 0.74 [0.51; 1.07], 1 RCT, I2=0%
inconclusive result | 1.08 [0.79; 1.47], 1 RCT, I2=0%
inconclusive result | - | |
| favipiravir | 1 | - | - | OBS 1.61 [0.73; 3.58], 1 study, I2=0%
inconclusive result | - | |
| Lopinavir/ritonavir plus hydroxychloroquine | 1 | - | 0.63 [0.37; 1.06], 1 RCT, I2=0%
inconclusive result | 0.58 [0.36; 0.93], 1 RCT, I2=0%
unassessable degree of certainty | - | |
| remdesivir | 1 | 0.95 [0.55; 1.64], 1 RCT, I2=0%
inconclusive result | 1.23 [0.87; 1.74], 1 RCT, I2=0%
inconclusive result | 1.10 [0.49; 2.45], 1 RCT, I2=0%
inconclusive result | - | |
| sofosbuvir and daclatasvir | 1 | - | - | OBS 0.12 [0.02; 0.62], 1 study, I2=0%
unassessable degree of certainty | - | |
| Amantadine | 0 | - | - | - | - | |
| ASC09/ritonavir | 0 | - | - | - | - | |
| azvudine | 0 | - | - | - | - | |
| baloxavir marboxil | 0 | - | - | - | - | |
| bromhexine | 0 | - | - | - | - | |
| carrimycin | 0 | - | - | - | - | |
| danoprevir / ritonavir | 0 | - | - | - | - | |
| darunavir cobicistat | 0 | - | - | - | - | |
| doxycycline | 0 | - | - | - | - | |
| Emtricitabine/tenofovir plus colchicine plus rosuvastatin | 0 | - | - | - | - | |
| Ensitrelvir (XOCOVA) | 0 | - | - | - | - | |
| favipiravir plus interferon | 0 | - | - | - | - | |
| fluvoxamine | 0 | - | - | - | - | |
| hydroxychloroquine plus macrolides | 0 | - | - | - | - | |
| Interferon plus lopinavir/ritonavir | 0 | - | - | - | - | |
| leronlimab | 0 | - | - | - | - | |
| lopinavir / ritonavir plus ribavirin | 0 | - | - | - | - | |
| lopinavir/ritonavir plus chloroquine | 0 | - | - | - | - | |
| lopinavir/ritonavir plus interferon ß-1a | 0 | - | - | - | - | |
| lopinavir/ritonavir, ribavirin and interferon beta-1b | 0 | - | - | - | - | |
| molnupiravir | 0 | - | - | - | - | |
| niclosamide | 0 | - | - | - | - | |
| nirmatrelvir / ritonavir (Paxlovid) | 0 | - | - | - | - | |
| nitazoxanide | 0 | - | - | - | - | |
| opaganib | 0 | - | - | - | - | |
| oseltamivir | 0 | - | - | - | - | |
| oseltamivir plus chloroquin | 0 | - | - | - | - | |
| ribavirin | 0 | - | - | - | - | |
| ritonavir | 0 | - | - | - | - | |
| sofosbuvir | 0 | - | - | - | - | |
| sofosbuvir and ledipasvir | 0 | - | - | - | - | |
| tenofovir/emtricitabine | 0 | - | - | - | - | |
| tenofovir/emtricitabine plus hydroxychloroquine | 0 | - | - | - | - | |
| tranexamic acid | 0 | - | - | - | - | |
| tranilast | 0 | - | - | - | - | |
| triazavirin | 0 | - | - | - | - | |
| umifenovir (arbidol) | 0 | - | - | - | - | |
| zinc | 0 | - | - | - | - | |
