Treatment relative effect with 95% CI; and degree of certainty (adaptated from GRADE).
method
| Treament |
Trials |
|
|
| clinical deterioration | clinical improvement | deaths | viral clearance |
| ivermectin | 15 | 0.72 [0.32; 1.61], 3 RCTs, I2=76%
inconclusive result | 1.72 [1.02; 2.88], 2 RCTs, I2=0%
moderate degree of certainty | 0.37 [0.16; 0.86], 6 RCTs, I2=0%
moderate degree of certainty | 0.93 [0.78; 1.10], 2 RCTs, I2=0%
inconclusive result | |
| favipiravir | 10 | - | 1.66 [1.28; 2.15], 4 RCTs, I2=0%
moderate degree of certainty | 1.13 [0.75; 1.70], 6 RCTs, I2=0%
inconclusive result | 1.54 [0.97; 2.42], 6 RCTs, I2=72%
inconclusive result | |
| chloroquine and derivatives | 8 | 0.98 [0.72; 1.34], 4 RCTs, I2=0%
inconclusive result | 1.01 [0.59; 1.74], 1 RCT, I2=0%
inconclusive result | 1.08 [0.63; 1.87], 7 RCTs, I2=0%
inconclusive result | 0.83 [0.57; 1.21], 2 RCTs, I2=0%
inconclusive result | |
| azithromycin | 3 | - | 0.82 [0.47; 1.43], 1 RCT, I2=0%
inconclusive result | 0.43 [0.13; 1.44], 1 RCT, I2=0%
inconclusive result | OBS 715.00 [12.94; 39513.71], 1 study, I2=0%
unassessable degree of certainty | |
| nitazoxanide | 3 | 1.02 [0.29; 3.58], 1 RCT, I2=0%
inconclusive result | 0.81 [0.52; 1.27], 1 RCT, I2=0%
inconclusive result | 1.02 [0.02; 51.70], 1 RCT, I2=0%
inconclusive result | - | |
| remdesivir | 3 | - | 1.12 [0.72; 1.75], 3 RCTs, I2=79% demonstrated
inconclusive result | 0.70 [0.39; 1.26], 3 RCTs, I2=0%
inconclusive result | - | |
| umifenovir (arbidol) | 2 | 0.86 [0.06; 11.36], 1 RCT, I2=0%
inconclusive result | - | - | 2.80 [0.31; 25.53], 1 RCT, I2=0%
inconclusive result | |
| azvudine | 1 | - | - | 1.00 [0.02; 55.80], 1 RCT, I2=0%
inconclusive result | 28.50 [1.27; 640.66], 1 RCT, I2=0%
unassessable degree of certainty | |
| bromhexine | 1 | 0.48 [0.01; 27.44], 1 RCT, I2=0%
inconclusive result | - | - | - | |
| doxycycline | 1 | 0.44 [0.23; 0.84], 1 RCT, I2=0%
unassessable degree of certainty | 1.89 [1.06; 3.38], 1 RCT, I2=0%
unassessable degree of certainty | 0.16 [0.01; 3.25], 1 RCT, I2=0%
inconclusive result | - | |
| Ensitrelvir (XOCOVA) | 1 | - | - | - | - | |
| favipiravir plus interferon | 1 | - | - | 0.83 [0.23; 2.96], 1 RCT, I2=0%
inconclusive result | - | |
| hydroxychloroquine plus macrolides | 1 | 0.99 [0.57; 1.72], 1 RCT, I2=0%
inconclusive result | 0.81 [0.54; 1.22], 1 RCT, I2=0%
inconclusive result | 0.64 [0.18; 2.24], 1 RCT, I2=0%
inconclusive result | - | |
| lopinavir/ritonavir | 1 | 3.69 [0.37; 36.57], 1 RCT, I2=0%
inconclusive result | 3.92 [1.66; 9.24], 1 RCT, I2=0%
unassessable degree of certainty | 1.20 [0.65; 2.19], 2 RCTs, I2=0%
inconclusive result | 3.24 [1.15; 9.10], 2 RCTs, I2=24% demonstrated
moderate degree of certainty | |
| lopinavir/ritonavir, ribavirin and interferon beta-1b | 1 | - | 3.92 [1.66; 9.24], 1 RCT, I2=0%
unassessable degree of certainty | 0.47 [0.01; 24.30], 1 RCT, I2=0%
inconclusive result | 4.37 [1.86; 10.25], 1 RCT, I2=0% demonstrated
unassessable degree of certainty | |
| sofosbuvir and ledipasvir | 1 | - | - | - | - | |
| Amantadine | 0 | - | - | - | - | |
| ASC09/ritonavir | 0 | - | - | - | - | |
| baloxavir marboxil | 0 | - | - | - | - | |
| carrimycin | 0 | - | - | - | - | |
| danoprevir / ritonavir | 0 | - | - | - | - | |
| darunavir cobicistat | 0 | - | - | - | - | |
| Emtricitabine/tenofovir plus colchicine plus rosuvastatin | 0 | - | - | - | - | |
| fluvoxamine | 0 | - | - | - | - | |
| Interferon plus lopinavir/ritonavir | 0 | - | - | - | - | |
| leronlimab | 0 | - | - | - | - | |
| lopinavir / ritonavir plus ribavirin | 0 | - | - | - | - | |
| lopinavir/ritonavir plus chloroquine | 0 | - | - | - | - | |
| Lopinavir/ritonavir plus hydroxychloroquine | 0 | - | - | - | - | |
| lopinavir/ritonavir plus interferon ß-1a | 0 | - | - | - | - | |
| molnupiravir | 0 | - | - | - | - | |
| niclosamide | 0 | - | - | - | - | |
| nirmatrelvir / ritonavir (Paxlovid) | 0 | - | - | - | - | |
| opaganib | 0 | - | - | - | - | |
| oseltamivir | 0 | - | - | - | - | |
| oseltamivir plus chloroquin | 0 | - | - | - | - | |
| ribavirin | 0 | - | - | - | - | |
| ritonavir | 0 | - | - | - | - | |
| sofosbuvir | 0 | - | - | - | - | |
| sofosbuvir and daclatasvir | 0 | - | - | - | - | |
| tenofovir/emtricitabine | 0 | - | - | - | - | |
| tenofovir/emtricitabine plus hydroxychloroquine | 0 | - | - | - | - | |
| tranexamic acid | 0 | - | - | - | - | |
| tranilast | 0 | - | - | - | - | |
| triazavirin | 0 | - | - | - | - | |
| zinc | 0 | - | - | - | - | |
