Treatment relative effect with 95% CI; and degree of certainty (adaptated from GRADE). method
Treament | Trials | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Demonstrated or suggested benefit | Inconclusive results | Uncertain results | Safety results | |||
ivermectin | inconclusive results for: death D28; clinical deterioration; clinical improvement (7-day); hospital discharge; mechanical ventilation; viral clearance ; viral clearance by day 7; ICU admission; recovery; serious adverse events; adverse events | - | ||||
favipiravir | inconclusive results for: death D28; deaths; clinical improvement (14-day); clinical improvement (28-day); clinical improvement (time to event analysis only); hospital discharge; hospitalization; mechanical ventilation; viral clearance ; viral clearance (time to event analysis only); viral clearance by day 14; viral clearance by day 7; ICU admission; serious adverse events; adverse events | - | ||||
chloroquine and derivatives | none | inconclusive results for: death D28; deaths; clinical deterioration; clinical improvement; clinical improvement (14-day); clinical improvement (time to event analysis only); hospital discharge; viral clearance ; viral clearance (time to event analysis only); ICU admission; recovery; adverse events | - | |||
azithromycin | none | inconclusive results for: deaths; clinical improvement; clinical improvement (14-day); clinical improvement (7-day); mechanical ventilation; radiologic improvement (14-day); serious adverse events; adverse events; renal impairment | suggested 715.0-fold increase in viral clearance but the degree if certainty is unassessable | - | ||
nitazoxanide | none | inconclusive results for: death D28; deaths; clinical deterioration; clinical improvement; clinical improvement (7-day); ICU admission | - | - | ||
remdesivir | demonstrated 12 % increase in clinical improvement suggested 56 % increase in clinical improvement (14-day) suggested 81 % increase in clinical improvement (28-day) | inconclusive results for: death D28; deaths; deaths (time to event analysis only); clinical improvement (time to event analysis only); mechanical ventilation; recovery; adverse events | - | |||
umifenovir (arbidol) | none | inconclusive results for: clinical deterioration; radiologic improvement (14-day); radiologic improvement (7-day); viral clearance ; viral clearance by day 14; viral clearance by day 7; severe COVID-19 occurrence | - | - | ||
azvudine | none | inconclusive results for: deaths; radiologic improvement (7-day); serious adverse events; adverse events | suggested 28.5-fold increase in viral clearance but the degree if certainty is unassessable suggested 28.5-fold increase in viral clearance by day 7 but the degree if certainty is unassessable | - | ||
bromhexine | none | inconclusive results for: clinical deterioration; clinical improvement (21-day); mechanical ventilation; viral clearance by day 14; recovery | suggested 10.0-fold increase in hospital discharge but the degree if certainty is unassessable | - | ||
doxycycline | none | inconclusive results for: deaths; recovery; serious adverse events; adverse events | suggested 56 % decrease in clinical deterioration but the degree if certainty is unassessable suggested 89 % increase in clinical improvement but the degree if certainty is unassessable suggested 93 % increase in clinical improvement (7-day) but the degree if certainty is unassessable | - | ||
Ensitrelvir (XOCOVA) | none | - | - | - | ||
favipiravir plus interferon | none | inconclusive results for: deaths; ICU admission | - | - | ||
hydroxychloroquine plus macrolides | none | inconclusive results for: deaths; deaths (time to event analysis only); clinical deterioration; clinical improvement; clinical improvement (14-day); mechanical ventilation; serious adverse events; acute kidney injury ; adverse events; arrhythmia; elevated liver enzymes; long QT; Thromboembolic events | - | - | ||
lopinavir/ritonavir | inconclusive results for: deaths; clinical deterioration; clinical improvement (time to event analysis only); mechanical ventilation; radiologic improvement (14-day); radiologic improvement (7-day); viral clearance by day 14; viral clearance by day 7; ICU admission; severe COVID-19 occurrence; serious adverse events | suggested 3.9-fold increase in clinical improvement but the degree if certainty is unassessable | - | |||
lopinavir/ritonavir, ribavirin and interferon beta-1b | none | inconclusive results for: deaths; serious adverse events | suggested 3.9-fold increase in clinical improvement but the degree if certainty is unassessable demonstrated 4.4-fold increase in viral clearance but the degree if certainty is unassessable | - | ||
sofosbuvir and ledipasvir | none | - | - | - | ||
Amantadine | 0 | - | - | - | - | |
ASC09/ritonavir | 0 | - | - | - | - | |
baloxavir marboxil | 0 | - | - | - | - | |
carrimycin | 0 | - | - | - | - | |
danoprevir / ritonavir | 0 | - | - | - | - | |
darunavir cobicistat | 0 | - | - | - | - | |
Emtricitabine/tenofovir plus colchicine plus rosuvastatin | 0 | - | - | - | - | |
fluvoxamine | 0 | - | - | - | - | |
Interferon plus lopinavir/ritonavir | 0 | - | - | - | - | |
leronlimab | 0 | - | - | - | - | |
lopinavir / ritonavir plus ribavirin | 0 | - | - | - | - | |
lopinavir/ritonavir plus chloroquine | 0 | - | - | - | - | |
Lopinavir/ritonavir plus hydroxychloroquine | 0 | - | - | - | - | |
lopinavir/ritonavir plus interferon ß-1a | 0 | - | - | - | - | |
molnupiravir | 0 | - | - | - | - | |
niclosamide | 0 | - | - | - | - | |
nirmatrelvir / ritonavir (Paxlovid) | 0 | - | - | - | - | |
opaganib | 0 | - | - | - | - | |
oseltamivir | 0 | - | - | - | - | |
oseltamivir plus chloroquin | 0 | - | - | - | - | |
ribavirin | 0 | - | - | - | - | |
ritonavir | 0 | - | - | - | - | |
sofosbuvir | 0 | - | - | - | - | |
sofosbuvir and daclatasvir | 0 | - | - | - | - | |
tenofovir/emtricitabine | 0 | - | - | - | - | |
tenofovir/emtricitabine plus hydroxychloroquine | 0 | - | - | - | - | |
tranexamic acid | 0 | - | - | - | - | |
tranilast | 0 | - | - | - | - | |
triazavirin | 0 | - | - | - | - | |
zinc | 0 | - | - | - | - |