Top evidence (RCT only, high risk of bias excluded)
Best available evidence (possibly low or very low)
All RCTs
All studies (RCT+OBS)
chloroquine and derivatives - versus control - for COVID-19
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xlsx
method
abbreviations
Outcome
Relative effect 95%CI
LoD
Trt. better when
I2
k (RCT/OBS)
Bayesian probability
Overall ROB
Publication bias
Degree of certainty
Endpoint importance
Published MA
efficacy endpoints 00 deaths 1.09 [0.99, 1.21]< 1 0% 25 studies (25/-) 4.6 % high low low crucial - deaths (time to event analysis only) 1.10 [0.99, 1.23]< 1 0% 2 studies (2/-) 3.9 % some concern not evaluable moderate crucial - clinical deterioration 1.00 [0.46, 2.17]< 1 41% 3 studies (3/-) 50.5 % high not evaluable low important - clinical improvement 1.21 [0.88, 1.67]> 1 37% 4 studies (4/-) 87.6 % high not evaluable low important - clinical improvement (14-day) 1.17 [0.62, 2.23]> 1 20% 2 studies (2/-) 68.6 % some concern not evaluable moderate important - clinical improvement (time to event analysis only) 1.01 [0.59, 1.74]> 1 0% 1 study (1/-) 51.7 % high not evaluable low important - death or ventilation 1.14 [1.03, 1.25]< 1 0% 3 studies (3/-) 0.5 % some concern not evaluable moderate important - hospitalization 0.79 [0.42, 1.48]< 1 0% 2 studies (2/-) 77.0 % some concern not evaluable moderate important - PCR-negative conversion 0.88 [0.63, 1.22]> 1 0% 3 studies (3/-) 22.1 % high not evaluable low important - PCR-negative conversion (14-day) 0.91 [0.56, 1.48]> 1 0% 2 studies (2/-) 35.7 % some concern not evaluable moderate important - PCR-negative conversion (7-day) 1.05 [0.53, 2.09]> 1 0% 1 study (1/-) 55.2 % NA not evaluable important - PCR-negative conversion (time to event analysis only) 0.85 [0.58, 1.23]> 1 0% 1 study (1/-) 19.3 % high not evaluable low important - radiologic improvement (7-day) 3.43 [1.10, 10.70]> 1 0% 1 study (1/-) 98.3 % high not evaluable low important - ICU admission 0.83 [0.35, 1.95]< 1 0% 1 study (1/-) 66.8 % some concern not evaluable moderate non important - safety endpoints 00 cardiac arrest 1.92 [0.35, 10.49]< 1 0% 1 study (1/-) 22.7 % some concern not evaluable moderate important - adverse events 2.40 [1.12, 5.13]< 1 89% 10 studies (10/-) 1.2 % high low low non important -
LoD: level of demonstration ( demonstrated, suggested, inconclusive, safety concerns);
Bayesian probability: Bayesian posterior probability of treatment effect (computed with a noninformative prior); ROB: risk of bias; k: number of studies;
published MA: number of published meta-analysis on the same topic; degree of certainty adapted from GRADE.
Trt. better when: indicates when the relative treatment effect shows that the studied treatment is better than control.