potential COVID-19 treatments for COVID-19 - live meta-analysis of clinical studies

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display ongoing studies
Study	Ref.	RCT OBS RCT + OBS	studied treatment	control treatment	patients	study risk of bias	sample sizes	Results
COVID 19 hospitalized meta-analysis
RCT-TCZ-COVID-19, 2021 NCT04346355		RCT	tocilizumab	standard of care	COVID 19 hospitalized	some concern	60/66	inconclusive
RECOVERY (plasma), 2021 NCT04381936		RCT	convalescent plasma treatment	control	COVID 19 hospitalized	NA	-/-	inconclusive
Abd-Elsalam, 2020 NCT04353336		RCT	hydroxychloroquine	standard of care	COVID 19 hospitalized	some concern	97/97	inconclusive
ACTIV-3/TICO LY-CoV555 , 2020 NCT04501978		RCT	neutralizing antibody	placebo	COVID 19 hospitalized	low	163/151	inconclusive	inconclusive 6 % increase in time to recovery (PE) with a high degree of certainty due to low risk of bias
ACTT-2 (Kalil), 2020 NCT04401579		RCT	baricitinib plus remdesivir	remdesivir	COVID 19 hospitalized	low	515/518	conclusif	demonstrated 16 % increase in clinical improvement,time to recovery (PE) with a high degree of certainty due to low risk of bias suggested 31 % decrease in death or ventilation with a high degree of certainty due to low risk of bias
ARCHAIC -hydroxychloroquine, 2020 NL8490		RCT	hydroxychloroquine	standard of care	COVID 19 hospitalized	NA	9/6	inconclusive
Balcells, 2020 NCT04375098		RCT	convalescent plasma treatment	convalescent plasma treatment	COVID 19 hospitalized	low	28/30	inconclusive	inconclusive 33 % decrease in death or ventilation (PE) with a high degree of certainty due to low risk of bias
BRACE CORONA, 2020		RCT	discontinuation of ACEI/ARB	control	COVID 19 hospitalized	some concern	334/325	inconclusive
CCAP-1, 2020 NCT04345289		RCT	hydroxychloroquine	standard of care	COVID 19 hospitalized	NA	-/-	inconclusive
Chen, 2020 NCT04384380		RCT	hydroxychloroquine	standard of care	COVID 19 hospitalized	some concern	21/12	inconclusive
ConPlas-19, 2020 NCT04345523		RCT	convalescent plasma treatment	standard of care	COVID 19 hospitalized	some concern	38/43	inconclusive
Duke university HCQ, 2020 NCT04335552		RCT	hydroxychloroquine	standard of care	COVID 19 hospitalized	NA	4/2	no results	discontinued, found in Axfors et al. meta-analysis
Duke university HCQ-AZI, 2020 NCT04335552		RCT	hydroxychloroquine plus macrolides	standard of care	COVID 19 hospitalized	NA	-/-	inconclusive
Elgazzar - treatment, 2020		RCT	ivermectin	hydroxychloroquine	COVID 19 hospitalized	high	200/200	suggested	suggested 93 % decrease in deaths but with a low degree of certainty due to high risk of bias
Entrenas (Pilot Calcifediol), 2020 NCT04366908		RCT	Vitamin D	standard of care	COVID 19 hospitalized	some concern	50/26	conclusif	inconclusive 88 % decrease in deaths (PE) with a moderate degree of certainty due to some concern in risk of bias demonstrated 97 % decrease in ICU admission (PE) with a moderate degree of certainty due to some concern in risk of bias
Gharbharan et al., 2020 NCT04342182		RCT	convalescent plasma treatment	standard of care	COVID 19 hospitalized	some concern	43/43	inconclusive	inconclusive 5 % decrease in deaths (PE) with a moderate degree of certainty due to some concern in risk of bias
GLUCOCOVID, 2020		RCT	corticosteroids	control	COVID 19 hospitalized	high	34/29	suggested	suggested 45 % decrease in clinical deterioration but with a low degree of certainty due to high risk of bias
GRECCO-19, 2020 NCT04326790		RCT	colchicine	standard of care	COVID 19 hospitalized	some concern	55/50	suggested	suggested 89 % decrease in clinical deterioration with a moderate degree of certainty due to some concern in risk of bias
HAHPS, 2020 NCT04329832		RCT	hydroxychloroquine	azithromycin	COVID 19 hospitalized	some concern	42/43	inconclusive	inconclusive 7 % increase in clinical deterioration (PE) with a moderate degree of certainty due to some concern in risk of bias
Hashim A, 2020 NCT04591600		RCT	ivermectin	standard of care	COVID 19 hospitalized	some concern	70/70	inconclusive	inconclusive 52 % decrease in deaths (PE) with a moderate degree of certainty due to some concern in risk of bias
Hashim A, 2020 NCT04591600		RCT	doxycycline	standard of care	COVID 19 hospitalized	some concern	70/70	inconclusive	inconclusive 52 % decrease in deaths (PE) with a moderate degree of certainty due to some concern in risk of bias
Huang, 2020 ChiCTR2000029542		RCT	chloroquine	lopinavir/ritonavir	COVID 19 hospitalized	some concern	10/12	inconclusive
HYCOVID, 2020 NCT04325893		RCT	hydroxychloroquine	placebo	COVID 19 hospitalized	some concern	124/123	inconclusive	inconclusive 12 % increase in death or ventilation (PE) with a moderate degree of certainty due to some concern in risk of bias
Metcovid, 2020 NCT04343729		RCT	methylprednisolone	placebo	COVID 19 hospitalized	some concern	209/207	inconclusive	inconclusive 8 % decrease in deaths (PE) with a moderate degree of certainty due to some concern in risk of bias
NO COVID-19 (Lyngbakken), 2020 NCT04316377		RCT	hydroxychloroquine	standard of care	COVID 19 hospitalized	some concern	27/26	inconclusive
Nojomi, 2020 IRCT20180725040596N2		RCT	umifenovir (arbidol)	lopinavir/ritonavir	COVID 19 hospitalized	some concern	50/50	inconclusive
Nojomi, 2020 IRCT20180725040596N2		RCT	lopinavir/ritonavir	umifenovir (arbidol)	COVID 19 hospitalized	some concern	50/50	inconclusive
OAHU-COVID19, 2020 NCT04345692		RCT	hydroxychloroquine	standard of care	COVID 19 hospitalized	NA	10/6	inconclusive
ORCHID, 2020 NCT04332991		RCT	hydroxychloroquine	placebo	COVID 19 hospitalized	low	242/237	inconclusive	inconclusive 2 % increase in clinical improvement (PE) with a high degree of certainty due to low risk of bias
PROTECT B, 2020 NCT04338698		RCT	oseltamivir	oseltamivir	COVID 19 hospitalized	NA	-/-	inconclusive
PROTECT B, 2020 NCT04338698		RCT	hydroxychloroquine	oseltamivir	COVID 19 hospitalized	NA	-/-	inconclusive
RECOVERY, 2020 NCT04381936		RCT	hydroxychloroquine	standard of care	COVID 19 hospitalized	some concern	1561/3155	safety concern	inconclusive 9 % increase in deaths,deaths (time to event analysis only) (PE) with a moderate degree of certainty due to some concern in risk of bias statistically significant 14 % increase in death or ventilation with a moderate degree of certainty due to some concern in risk of bias
RECOVERY, 2020 NCT04381936		RCT	lopinavir/ritonavir	standard of care	COVID 19 hospitalized	some concern	1616/3424	inconclusive	inconclusive 3 % increase in deaths (PE) with a moderate degree of certainty due to some concern in risk of bias the trial Steering Committee concluded that there is no beneficial effect of lopinavir-ritonavir in patients hospitalised with COVID-19 and closed randomisation to that treatment arm
RECOVERY dexamethasone, 2020 NCT04381936		RCT	dexamethasone	standard of care	COVID 19 hospitalized	some concern	2104/4321	conclusif	demonstrated 17 % decrease in deaths (PE) with a moderate degree of certainty due to some concern in risk of bias suggested 10 % increase in hospital discharge with a moderate degree of certainty due to some concern in risk of bias in an exploratory subgroup analysis there was no benefit among patients who did not require oxygen (1.22 [0.86 to 1.75]; p=0.14)
RECOVERY-AZI (Horby), 2020 NCT04381936		RCT	azithromycin	standard of care	COVID 19 hospitalized	some concern	2582/5182	inconclusive	inconclusive 0 % increase in deaths,deaths (time to event analysis only) (PE) with a moderate degree of certainty due to some concern in risk of bias Preliminary findings based on a data cut on 30 November. Final results will be made available after the last patient has completed the 28-day follow-up period for the primary outcome on 25 December 2020
REPLACE, 2020 NCT04338009		RCT	Renin-angiotensin-system-acting agents	control	COVID 19 hospitalized	NA	77/75	inconclusive
Salehzadeh, 2020 IRCT20200418047126N1		RCT	colchicine	placebo	COVID 19 hospitalized	some concern	50/50	inconclusive	Comparing two groups showed significantly different only in the duration of hospitalized (P<0.05). Although in colchicine group dyspnea was improved more rapid than the placebo group, but it was not meaningful.
Sekhavati, 2020		RCT	lopinavir/ritonavir	lopinavir/ritonavir	COVID 19 hospitalized	some concern	56/55	inconclusive	inconclusive 51 % decrease in deaths (PE) with a moderate degree of certainty due to some concern in risk of bias
Sekhavati, 2020		RCT	lopinavir/ritonavir	hydroxychloroquine	COVID 19 hospitalized	some concern	56/55	inconclusive	inconclusive 51 % decrease in deaths (PE) with a moderate degree of certainty due to some concern in risk of bias
Sekhavati, 2020		RCT	azithromycin	lopinavir/ritonavir	COVID 19 hospitalized	some concern	56/55	inconclusive	inconclusive 51 % decrease in deaths (PE) with a moderate degree of certainty due to some concern in risk of bias
Sekhavati, 2020		RCT	azithromycin	hydroxychloroquine	COVID 19 hospitalized	some concern	56/55	inconclusive	inconclusive 51 % decrease in deaths (PE) with a moderate degree of certainty due to some concern in risk of bias
Sekhavati, 2020		RCT	hydroxychloroquine	lopinavir/ritonavir	COVID 19 hospitalized	some concern	56/55	inconclusive	inconclusive 51 % decrease in deaths (PE) with a moderate degree of certainty due to some concern in risk of bias
Sekhavati, 2020		RCT	hydroxychloroquine	hydroxychloroquine	COVID 19 hospitalized	some concern	56/55	inconclusive	inconclusive 51 % decrease in deaths (PE) with a moderate degree of certainty due to some concern in risk of bias
SOLIDARITY (interferon), 2020 NCT04315948		RCT	interferon	control	COVID 19 hospitalized	some concern	2063/2064	inconclusive	inconclusive 16 % increase in deaths (PE) with a moderate degree of certainty due to some concern in risk of bias
SOLIDARITY (lopi/rito), 2020 NCT04315948		RCT	lopinavir/ritonavir	standard of care	COVID 19 hospitalized	some concern	1399/1372	inconclusive	inconclusive 0 % increase in deaths (PE) with a moderate degree of certainty due to some concern in risk of bias
SOLIDARITY (remdesivir), 2020 NCT04315948		RCT	remdesivir	control	COVID 19 hospitalized	some concern	2750/2725	inconclusive	inconclusive 5 % decrease in deaths (time to event analysis only) (PE) with a moderate degree of certainty due to some concern in risk of bias
SOLIDARITY (WHO study) HCQ, 2020 NCT04315948		RCT	hydroxychloroquine	standard of care	COVID 19 hospitalized	some concern	947/906	inconclusive	inconclusive 19 % increase in deaths,deaths (time to event analysis only) (PE) with a moderate degree of certainty due to some concern in risk of bias
Synairgen SG016, 2020 NCT04385095		RCT	SNG001 inhaled interferon beta	placebo	COVID 19 hospitalized	high	50/51	suggested	suggested 1.3-fold increase in clinical improvement but with a low degree of certainty due to high risk of bias
Tang, 2020 ChiCTR2000029868		RCT	chloroquine and derivatives	standard of care	COVID 19 hospitalized	high	75/75	inconclusive
Tang, 2020 ChiCTR2000029868		RCT	hydroxychloroquine	standard of care	COVID 19 hospitalized	high	75/75	safety concern	statistically significant 3.5-fold increase in adverse events but with a low degree of certainty due to high risk of bias
TEACH, 2020 NCT04369742		RCT	hydroxychloroquine	placebo	COVID 19 hospitalized	some concern	67/61	inconclusive	inconclusive 80 % increase in clinical deterioration (PE) with a moderate degree of certainty due to some concern in risk of bias inconclusive 16 % increase in adverse events (PE) with a moderate degree of certainty due to some concern in risk of bias
Bruce, 2020		OBS	non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs	control	COVID 19 hospitalized	NA	54/1168	inconclusive	inconclusive 11 % decrease in deaths (time to event analysis only) (PE)
Rodriguez-Molinero, 2020		OBS	azithromycin		COVID 19 hospitalized	NA	-/-	ongoing	Our study did not find a benefit associated with the use of azithromycin in terms of respiratory function (SAFI)
Rodriguez-Molinero, 2020		OBS	azithromycin	control	COVID 19 hospitalized	NA	-/-	inconclusive	Our study did not find a benefit associated with the use of azithromycin in terms of respiratory function (SAFI)
Wenxin, 2020 ChiCTR2000031630.		OBS	Celecoxib	control	COVID 19 hospitalized	NA	36/7	suggested	suggested 92 % decrease in clinical deterioration suggested 11.8-fold increase in clinical improvement concentrations of PGE2 in urine samples of COVID-19 patients were significantly higher than that of healthy individuals (mean value is 170 ng/ml vs 18.8 ng/ml, p<0.01) and positively correlated with the progression of COVID-19.
Abolghasemi, 2020 IRCT20200325046860N1		OBS	convalescent plasma treatment	control	COVID 19 hospitalized	critical	115/74	inconclusive
Annweiler (GERIA-COVID; regular intake of bolus vitamin D), 2020		OBS	Vitamin D	control	COVID 19 hospitalized	NA	29/32	suggested	suggested 93 % decrease in deaths (PE) suggested 92 % decrease in death or ventilation
Annweiler (GERIA-COVID; Vitamin D Supplementation After COVID-19 Diagnosis), 2020		OBS	Vitamin D	control	COVID 19 hospitalized	NA	16/32	inconclusive
Argenziano, 2020		OBS	proton pump inhibitors (PPI)	control	COVID 19 hospitalized	NA	163/837	inconclusive
Arshad (HCQ AZ), 2020		OBS	hydroxychloroquine plus macrolides	control	COVID 19 hospitalized	critical	783/409	suggested	suggested 71 % decrease in deaths,deaths (time to event analysis only) but with a very low degree of certainty due to critical risk of bias
Arshad (HCQ), 2020		OBS	hydroxychloroquine	control	COVID 19 hospitalized	critical	1202/409	suggested	suggested 66 % decrease in deaths,deaths (time to event analysis only) but with a very low degree of certainty due to critical risk of bias
Belgian Collaborative Group on COVID-19, 2020		OBS	hydroxychloroquine	control	COVID 19 hospitalized	serious	4542/3533	suggested	suggested 32 % decrease in deaths,deaths (time to event analysis only) but with a low degree of certainty due to high risk of bias
Bousquet, 2020		OBS	hydroxychloroquine	control	COVID 19 hospitalized	NA	-/-	inconclusive
Bousquet, 2020		OBS	anticoagulant, prophylactic dose	control	COVID 19 hospitalized	NA	-/-	suggested	suggested 57 % decrease in deaths
Bousquet, 2020		OBS	anticoagulant, prophylactic dose	anticoagulant, curative dose	COVID 19 hospitalized	NA	-/-	inconclusive
Bousquet, 2020		OBS	anticoagulant, curative dose	control	COVID 19 hospitalized	NA	-/-	suggested	suggested 62 % decrease in deaths
Chen, 2020		OBS	lopinavir/ritonavir	control	COVID 19 hospitalized	critical	163/121	inconclusive
Chen, 2020		OBS	umifenovir (arbidol)	control	COVID 19 hospitalized	critical	163/121	inconclusive
Chen, 2020		OBS	oseltamivir	control	COVID 19 hospitalized	critical	163/121	inconclusive
Chen, 2020		OBS	chloroquine	control	COVID 19 hospitalized	critical	163/121	inconclusive
Chen, 2020		OBS	hydroxychloroquine	control	COVID 19 hospitalized	critical	163/121	safety concern	statistically significant 51 % decrease in clinical improvement,clinical improvement (time to event analysis only) but with a very low degree of certainty due to critical risk of bias
Colaneri, 2020		OBS	tocilizumab	control	COVID 19 hospitalized	critical	21/21	inconclusive
Davido, 2020 NCT04453501		OBS	hydroxychloroquine plus macrolides	control	COVID 19 hospitalized	critical	52/40	suggested	suggested 55 % decrease in death or transfer to ICU but with a very low degree of certainty due to critical risk of bias
Fernández Cruz, 2020		OBS	corticosteroids	standard of care	COVID 19 hospitalized	serious	396/67	suggested	suggested 66 % decrease in deaths but with a low degree of certainty due to high risk of bias
Geleris, 2020		OBS	hydroxychloroquine	control	COVID 19 hospitalized	serious	811/565	inconclusive
HNF Hospital Tocilizumab multidisciplinary team, 2020		OBS	tocilizumab	control	COVID 19 hospitalized	critical	20/25	suggested	suggested 87 % decrease in death or transfer to ICU but with a very low degree of certainty due to critical risk of bias
Huang, 2020		OBS	chloroquine	control	COVID 19 hospitalized	critical	197/176	suggested	suggested 5.1-fold increase in PCR-negative conversion (14-day) but with a very low degree of certainty due to critical risk of bias
ICON, 2020		OBS	ivermectin	standard of care	COVID 19 hospitalized	NA	173/107	suggested	suggested 53 % decrease in deaths (PE)
Lagier, 2020		OBS	hydroxychloroquine plus macrolides	control	COVID 19 hospitalized	critical	3119/618	suggested	suggested 51 % decrease in deaths but with a very low degree of certainty due to critical risk of bias suggested 70 % decrease in clinical deterioration but with a very low degree of certainty due to critical risk of bias suggested 62 % decrease in hospitalization but with a very low degree of certainty due to critical risk of bias
Magagnoli (HC), 2020		OBS	hydroxychloroquine	control	COVID 19 hospitalized	serious	97/158	safety concern	safety concern with statistically significant 1.6-fold increase in deaths,deaths (time to event analysis only)
Malgorzata, 2020		OBS	anti-inflammatory therapies	control	COVID 19 hospitalized	critical	130/66	suggested	suggested 59 % decrease in deaths but with a very low degree of certainty due to critical risk of bias
Martinez-Sanz, 2020		OBS	tocilizumab	control	COVID 19 hospitalized	critical	260/969	suggested	suggested 66 % decrease in deaths but with a very low degree of certainty due to critical risk of bias
Novales, 2020		OBS	hydroxychloroquine	control	COVID 19 hospitalized	critical	123/43	suggested	suggested 93 % decrease in deaths but with a very low degree of certainty due to critical risk of bias
Paccoud, 2020		OBS	hydroxychloroquine	standard of care	COVID 19 hospitalized	serious	38/46	inconclusive
Paranjpe, 2020		OBS	anticoagulant	control	COVID 19 hospitalized	critical	786/1987	no results	the primary result seems inconclusive (no p value given, but in-hospital mortality for AC was 22.5% with a median survival of 21 days, compared to 22.8% and median survival of 14 days in control group)
Ramachandran, 2020		OBS	proton pump inhibitors (PPI)	control	COVID 19 hospitalized	NA	46/249	safety concern	statistically significant 1.3-fold increase in deaths (PE) statistically significant 1.5-fold increase in ventilation (PE)
Rosenberg, 2020		OBS	hydroxychloroquine plus macrolides	control	COVID 19 hospitalized	serious	-/-	safety concern	safety concern with statistically significant 1.1-fold increase in cardiac arrest statistically significant 1.2-fold increase in arrhythmia but with a low degree of certainty due to high risk of bias
Rosenberg, 2020		OBS	azithromycin	control	COVID 19 hospitalized	serious	-/-	inconclusive
Rosenberg, 2020		OBS	hydroxychloroquine	control	COVID 19 hospitalized	serious	-/-	safety concern	safety concern with 91 % increase in cardiac arrest (not statistically significant)
Sbidian (HCQ alone), 2020		OBS	hydroxychloroquine	control	COVID 19 hospitalized	critical	623/3792	safety concern	statistically significant 25 % increase in deaths,deaths (time to event analysis only) but with a very low degree of certainty due to critical risk of bias
Sbidian (HCQ plus AZI), 2020		OBS	hydroxychloroquine plus macrolides	control	COVID 19 hospitalized	critical	227/3792	inconclusive
Singh, 2020		OBS	hydroxychloroquine plus macrolides	control	COVID 19 hospitalized	critical	-/-	inconclusive
Singh, 2020		OBS	hydroxychloroquine	control	COVID 19 hospitalized	critical	-/-	inconclusive
Tsai, 2020		OBS	tocilizumab	control	COVID 19 hospitalized	serious	66/66	inconclusive
Zhang, 2020		OBS	proton pump inhibitors (PPI)	control	COVID 19 hospitalized	NA	29/29	no results	No death in the proton pump inhibitor group.
Jeong, 2020		OBS	non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs	control	COVID 19 hospitalized	NA	354/1470	safety concern	statistically significant 65 % increase in clinical deterioration (PE) statistically significant 87 % increase in cardiovascular or renal events
COVID 19 all comers meta-analysis
Chang Chen et al., 2020 ChiCTR2000030254		RCT	favipiravir	umifenovir (arbidol)	COVID 19 all comers	some concern	120/120	inconclusive
ChiCTR2000030054-HCQ (Chen), 2020 ChiCTR2000030054		RCT	hydroxychloroquine	standard of care	COVID 19 all comers	high	18/12	inconclusive
ELACOI (Standard of care), 2020 NCT04252885		RCT	umifenovir (arbidol)	standard of care	COVID 19 all comers	some concern	16/7	inconclusive
jRCTs041190120, 2020 jRCTs041190120		RCT	favipiravir	favipiravir	COVID 19 all comers	high	44/45	inconclusive	inconclusive 42 % increase in PCR-negative conversion,PCR-negative conversion (time to event analysis only) (PE) but with a low degree of certainty due to high risk of bias
Lou Y, 2020 ChiCTR2000029544		RCT	baloxavir marboxil	standard of care	COVID 19 all comers	some concern	10/10	inconclusive	inconclusive 88 % decrease in PCR-negative conversion (14-day) (PE) with a moderate degree of certainty due to some concern in risk of bias
Lou Y - FAVIPIRAVIR, 2020 ChiCTR2000029544		RCT	favipiravir	standard of care	COVID 19 all comers	some concern	10/10	inconclusive	inconclusive 82 % decrease in PCR-negative conversion,PCR-negative conversion (14-day) (PE) with a moderate degree of certainty due to some concern in risk of bias
NCT04310228-FAVI (Zhao), 2020 ChiCTR2000030894		RCT	favipiravir	tocilizumab	COVID 19 all comers	some concern	-/-	inconclusive	inconclusive 68 % decrease in clinical improvement,clinical improvement (14-day),clinical improvement (time to event analysis only) (PE) with a moderate degree of certainty due to some concern in risk of bias
NIH NIAID ACTT-1, 2020 NCT04280705		RCT	remdesivir	placebo	COVID 19 all comers	some concern	538/521	suggested	suggested 32 % increase in clinical improvement (PE) with a moderate degree of certainty due to some concern in risk of bias
sarilumab phase 2 high dose unpublished NCT04315298		RCT	sarilumab high dose (400mg)	placebo	COVID 19 all comers	high	145/77	suggested	suggested 61 % decrease in death or ventilation but with a low degree of certainty due to high risk of bias suggested 73 % decrease in ventilation but with a low degree of certainty due to high risk of bias there were negative trends for most outcomes in the “severe” group, while there were positive trends for all outcomes in the “critical” group
sarimulab phase 2 low dose unpublished NCT04315298		RCT	sarilumab low dose (200mg)	placebo	COVID 19 all comers	high	136/77	suggested	suggested 72 % decrease in ventilation but with a low degree of certainty due to high risk of bias there were negative trends for most outcomes in the “severe” group, while there were positive trends for all outcomes in the “critical” group
Calik, 2020		OBS	favipiravir	hydroxychloroquine	COVID 19 all comers	critical	-/-	no results
Li, 2020		OBS	Renin-angiotensin-system-acting agents	control	COVID 19 all comers	critical	-/-	inconclusive
Magagnoli (HC AZ), 2020		OBS	hydroxychloroquine plus macrolides	control	COVID 19 all comers	serious	113/158	inconclusive
Meng, 2020		OBS	Renin-angiotensin-system-acting agents	control	COVID 19 all comers	critical	17/25	inconclusive
Yang, 2020		OBS	Renin-angiotensin-system-acting agents	control	COVID 19 all comers	serious	43/83	inconclusive
Zhang, 2020		OBS	Renin-angiotensin-system-acting agents	control	COVID 19 all comers	serious	188/940	suggested	suggested 63 % decrease in deaths but with a low degree of certainty due to high risk of bias
Bean, 2020		OBS	Renin-angiotensin-system-acting agents	control	COVID 19 all comers	serious	37/168	suggested	suggested 71 % decrease in death or transfer to ICU but with a low degree of certainty due to high risk of bias
Yan et al., 2020		OBS	corticosteroids	control	COVID 19 all comers	critical	-/-	safety concern	statistically significant 6.6-fold increase in clinical deterioration but with a very low degree of certainty due to critical risk of bias
Yan et al., 2020		OBS	angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs)	control	COVID 19 all comers	critical	-/-	inconclusive
Yan et al., 2020		OBS	angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs)	control	COVID 19 all comers	critical	-/-	inconclusive
Cai -FAVIPIRAVIR, 2020 ChiCTR2000029600		NRa	favipiravir	lopinavir/ritonavir	COVID 19 all comers	NA	35/45	suggested	suggested 5.5-fold increase in clinical improvement,clinical improvement (14-day)
Cai -FAVIPIRAVIR, 2020 ChiCTR2000029600		NRa	favipiravir	interferon	COVID 19 all comers	NA	35/45	suggested	suggested 5.5-fold increase in clinical improvement,clinical improvement (14-day)
Cai -FAVIPIRAVIR, 2020 ChiCTR2000029600		NRa	interferon	lopinavir/ritonavir	COVID 19 all comers	NA	35/45	suggested	suggested 5.5-fold increase in clinical improvement,clinical improvement (14-day)
Cai -FAVIPIRAVIR, 2020 ChiCTR2000029600		NRa	interferon	interferon	COVID 19 all comers	NA	35/45	suggested	suggested 5.5-fold increase in clinical improvement,clinical improvement (14-day)
Gautret et al., 2020		NRa	hydroxychloroquine	control	COVID 19 all comers	serious	20/16	suggested	suggested 15.3-fold increase in PCR-negative conversion (PE) but with a low degree of certainty due to high risk of bias a viral load reduction/disappearance is claimed but the numerous methological limits preclude any strong conclusion
COVID-19 mild to moderate meta-analysis
CORIMUNO-ANA-1, 2021 NCT04341584		RCT	anakinra	control	COVID-19 mild to moderate	some concern	59/57	inconclusive
Ahmed, 2020		RCT	ivermectin	placebo	COVID-19 mild to moderate	high	48/24	suggested	suggested 3.1-fold increase in PCR-negative conversion (time to event analysis only),PCR-negative conversion (14-day) (PE) but with a low degree of certainty due to high risk of bias Paradoxically comparison of day 7 and 14 virological clearance between ivermectin doxycycline group vs placebo was not statistically significant (HR 2.3[0.6-9.0] and 1.7[0.8-4.0])
AVIFAVIR, 2020 NCT04434248		RCT	favipiravir	standard of care	COVID 19 hospitalized, COVID-19 mild to moderate	some concern	20/20	suggested	suggested 2.9-fold increase in PCR-negative conversion,PCR-negative conversion (7-day) (PE) with a moderate degree of certainty due to some concern in risk of bias Adverse drug reactions to AVIFAVIR were reported in 7/40 (17.5%) patients, including diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, chest pain and an increase in liver transaminase levels. The adverse drug reactions were mild to moderate and caused early discontinuation of the study drug in 2/40 (5.0%) patients.
Chaccour, 2020 NCT04390022		RCT	ivermectin	placebo	COVID 19 outpatients, COVID-19 mild to moderate	low	12/12	inconclusive	inconclusive 8 % decrease in PCR-negative conversion,PCR-negative conversion (7-day) (PE) with a high degree of certainty due to low risk of bias
Chachar, 2020		RCT	ivermectin	standard of care	COVID-19 mild to moderate	some concern	25/25	inconclusive	inconclusive 19 % increase in clinical improvement,clinical improvement (7-day) (PE) with a moderate degree of certainty due to some concern in risk of bias
Coalition Covid-19 Brazil I (Cavalcanti) - HCQ AZI, 2020 NCT04322123		RCT	hydroxychloroquine plus macrolides	standard of care	COVID-19 mild to moderate	some concern	217/227	safety concern	inconclusive 1 % decrease in clinical deterioration (PE) with a moderate degree of certainty due to some concern in risk of bias statistically significant 8.8-fold increase in long QT with a moderate degree of certainty due to some concern in risk of bias
Coalition Covid-19 Brazil I (Cavalcanti)-Hydroxychloroquine, 2020 NCT04322123		RCT	hydroxychloroquine	standard of care	COVID-19 mild to moderate	some concern	221/227	safety concern	statistically significant 74 % increase in adverse events with a moderate degree of certainty due to some concern in risk of bias
CORIMUNO-19, 2020 NCT04331808		RCT	tocilizumab	standard of care	COVID-19 mild to moderate	some concern	64/67	inconclusive
Dabbous HM, 2020 NCT04349241		RCT	favipiravir	standard of care	COVID-19 mild to moderate	some concern	50/50	inconclusive
ELACOI (lopinavir/ritonavir), 2020 NCT04252885		RCT	lopinavir/ritonavir	standard of care	COVID-19 mild to moderate	some concern	21/7	inconclusive
ELACOI (Lopinavir/ritonavir), 2020 NCT04252885		RCT	umifenovir (arbidol)	lopinavir/ritonavir	COVID-19 mild to moderate	some concern	35/34	inconclusive	inconclusive 84 % increase in PCR-negative conversion (14-day) (PE) with a moderate degree of certainty due to some concern in risk of bias inconclusive 8 % increase in PCR-negative conversion (7-day) (PE) with a moderate degree of certainty due to some concern in risk of bias
EMPACTA, 2020 NCT04372186		RCT	tocilizumab	placebo	COVID-19 mild to moderate	some concern	259/129	conclusif	demonstrated 44 % decrease in death or ventilation (PE) with a moderate degree of certainty due to some concern in risk of bias suggested 45 % decrease in clinical deterioration with a moderate degree of certainty due to some concern in risk of bias
Fu, 2020 ChiCTR2000030262		RCT	interferon / TFF2	standard of care	COVID-19 mild to moderate	some concern	40/40	no results
GS-US-540-5773 (Goldman), 2020 NCT04292899		RCT	remdesivir	remdesivir	COVID-19 mild to moderate	NA	200/197	suggested	suggested 53 % increase in clinical improvement (14-day)
GS-US-540-5774, 10 days, 2020 NCT04292730		RCT	remdesivir	standard of care	COVID-19 mild to moderate	some concern	197/200	suggested	suggested 58 % increase in clinical improvement (14-day) with a moderate degree of certainty due to some concern in risk of bias suggested 88 % increase in clinical improvement (28-day) with a moderate degree of certainty due to some concern in risk of bias The primary endpoint was not met, no odds ratio is reported because the proportional odds assumption was not met
GS-US-540-5774, 5 days, 2020 NCT04292730		RCT	remdesivir	standard of care	COVID-19 mild to moderate	some concern	199/200	conclusif	demonstrated 65 % increase in clinical improvement (PE) with a moderate degree of certainty due to some concern in risk of bias suggested 53 % increase in clinical improvement (7-day) with a moderate degree of certainty due to some concern in risk of bias
HC-nCoV (Shanghai), 2020 NCT04261517		RCT	hydroxychloroquine	standard of care	COVID-19 mild to moderate	some concern	15/15	inconclusive
Hung et al., 2020 NCT04276688		RCT	lopinavir/ritonavir, ribavirin and interferon beta-1b	lopinavir/ritonavir	COVID-19 mild to moderate	some concern	86/41	conclusif	demonstrated 3.4-fold increase in PCR-negative conversion,PCR-negative conversion (time to event analysis only) (PE) with a moderate degree of certainty due to some concern in risk of bias suggested 2.9-fold increase in clinical improvement,clinical improvement (time to event analysis only) with a moderate degree of certainty due to some concern in risk of bias
Idelsis, 2020 RPCEC00000307		RCT	interferon	interferon	COVID-19 mild to moderate	high	30/33	conclusif	demonstrated 2.3-fold increase in PCR-negative conversion (time to event analysis only) (PE) but with a low degree of certainty due to high risk of bias
Khamis, 2020		RCT	favipiravir	standard of care	COVID-19 mild to moderate	some concern	44/45	inconclusive

Study explorer (study characteristics and results) method abbreviations pdf xlsx

COVID 19 hospitalized meta-analysis

COVID 19 all comers meta-analysis

COVID-19 mild to moderate meta-analysis